Finally, the remainder of the code, except read/write subroutines, is parallelized. In the parallel environment, we find that the FFT calculations are best performed using the MPI version of FFTW. Next, we compare the performance of the serial and parallel FFTW (Fastest Fourier Transform in the West) using OpenMP (OpenMP-FFTW) and MPI (MPI-FFTW) with the original Numerical Recipes-based FOURN routine within EVPFFT. We begin by parallelizing the computationally intensive Newton-Raphson (NR) single crystal solver within EVPFFT. Performance studies using EVPFFT are performed based on domain decomposition over voxels of a periodic cell, which is a representative volume element (RVE) of polycrystalline copper. We explore several parallel implementations of an elasto-viscoplastic fast Fourier transform (EVPFFT) model using Message Passing Interface (MPI), OpenMP, and a hybrid of MPI and OpenMP to efficiently predict mi-cromechanical response of polycrystals.
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